| Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 |
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| Although pregnancy discrimination would arguably fall under the general sex discrimination prohibition of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, courts did not always see it that way. In particular, courts ruled in the 1970s that temporary disability benefits programs that excluded pregnant women did not violate Title VII. Through an amendment to Title VII, known as the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 (PDA), Congress clearly specified that discrimination based upon pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions constitutes unlawful sex discrimination under Title VII. More... |
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| Sexual Harassment Overview |
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| Sexual harassment in the workplace is discrimination on the basis of sex in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Sexual Harassment, although not specifically mentioned in Title VII, is broadly defined by Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) guidelines as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when: More... |
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| ERISA-Exempt Benefit Plans |
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| The Employee Retirement Income Security Act imposes responsibilities on employers who offer benefit plans to their employees and provides certain rules and regulations concerning the administration of the plans. The rules that govern plans differ depending on the type of plan offered by the employer. Some plans, however, are not governed by ERISA and are called "exempt plans." More... |
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| The National Mediation Board |
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| In 1926, Congress passed the Railway Labor Act (RLA) to govern the resolution of disputes within the railroad industry. The RLA was amended in 1934, and the National Mediation Board (NMB) was created. In 1936, the jurisdiction of the RLA was expanded to include the airline industry. The NMB is an independent federal agency tasked with enforcing and interpreting the RLA. This article summarizes the major functions of the NMB. More... |
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| Restoration of Position After Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 Leave |
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| In 1993, Congress passed the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). The FMLA was intended to balance the demands of the workplace with the needs of families. Under the FMLA, many employees are guaranteed the right to take unpaid leave. More... |
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