| Parental Status Discrimination-- |
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| State Law) More... |
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| Distinctions Between Employees and Independent Contractors |
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| Background More... |
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| Investigatory Powers of the NLRB |
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| In response to an increasingly hostile atmosphere between employers and employees, particularly where labor unions sought to organize, The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) was passed in 1935 to governs the interactions between private sector employers and labor organizations. Part of the NLRA created the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to administer the NLRA. The main functions of the NLRB are to hold representational elections to determine whether employees wish to be represented by a union and to enforce NLRA provisions prohibiting unfair labor practices by both employers and employees. More... |
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| Affirmative Action - Disparate Treatment |
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| Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, sex, creed, religion, or national origin. Under a disparate treatment theory, which the Supreme Court has described as the most easily understood type of discrimination, an employer simply treats some people less favorably than others because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Proof of discriminatory motive is critical. Thus, preferential or differential treatment of individuals because of their race runs afoul of the statutory prohibition. More... |
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| The Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act |
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| The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) was passed to regulate employee benefit plans, including employer-sponsored group health plans. In 1998, an amendment to ERISA was passed called the Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act (WHCRA), which applies to individual health plans as well as to employer-sponsored group health plans. The WHCRA establishes rights for women who are covered under health plans that cover mastectomies. It is important to note that the WHCRA does not require health plans to provide coverage for mastectomy; rather, it imposes requirements on plans that do offer such coverage. More... |
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